What is Information and Communication Technology (ICT)?
What is Information and Communication Technology (ICT)?
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English: Information and communications technology. It is an extended term of information technology (IT) that concentrates on the integrated function of communication and telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) with computers, enterprise software, intermediate Emphasizes software, memory. And the audio and video systems permit the user to access, store, transmit, and change.
The term ICT is also used to refer to the intersection of audio and video and telecommunication networks with computer networks served by a wire or intermediary system. There are many economic incentives (substantial economic savings that occur if telecommunications networks are eliminated). To combine telecommunications networks with computer networks and integrate wiring, allocation, and signal management.
Although ICT does not have a universal definition, “the concepts, methods, and programs that include ICT are constantly evolving daily.” The scope of ICT includes any product stored, retrieved, modified, and transmitted, or consists of the electronic receipt of information digitally. Examples include personal computers, digital TVs, email, and bots. To clarify the issue, zippo has developed an ICT hierarchy. All of which “include some commonalities in the technologies that enable the transfer of information. And the different kinds of communications that take place electronically.” Information age skills are one of the criteria for expressing and managing the competencies of experts in information and communication technology in the 21st century.
The root of the word ICT or the same information and communication technology
The term “information and communication technology” was used by academic students in the 1980s. And ICT became popular after Dennis Stevenson used it in a 1997 report to the British government. Also, in the reorganization of the national education system of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland in 2000.
But in 2012, the Royal Society presented a ban on the use of the word ICT in British schools: “because of misunderstandings about the word.” Afterward, since 2014, the national education system has been using the phrase computing, reflecting the picture of computer programming in this system.
Word differences have spread worldwide, with the United Nations designating the ICT “Special Forces” for the Office of Information and Communication Technology.
Cost and income of ICT jobs
The cost to IT worldwide is estimated at $ 3.5 trillion, increasing at an annual rate of 5%, doubling every 15 years. The federal budget for IT in 2014 was about $ 82 billion. IT costs, as corporate earnings have risen to 50% since 2002, strain IT budgets. When we look at the IT budgets of existing companies, 75% is spent on recurring costs (to cover equipment costs in the IT sector). And 25% on innovations for technology development.
On average, IT budgets are separated into several sections:
- 31% staff costs (internal)
- 29% software costs (external / purchase category)
- 26% hardware costs (external / shopping category)
- 14% Expenses of external service providers (foreign / services)
Information and Communication Technology Development Index
This index categorizes and reaches the use and access of different countries worldwide. In 2014, the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) released the latest version of the index, with South Korea in the first place, followed by Denmark. The top 30 countries in this ranking contain the highest-income countries with an above-average life rate, including Europe and other areas such as Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Japan, Macau (China), New Zealand, Singapore, and the United States. In recent years, almost all countries surveyed have enhanced their rankings.
World Summit on the Information Society and ICT Development Goals
On December 21, 2001, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 183/56, setting the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) to examine its current opportunities and challenges. According to the resolution, the General Assembly linked the Summit to these plans to implement the goals of the UN Millennium Declaration. The solution also highlights a multi-stakeholder approach to achieving these goals. In addition to the government, the urban community, and the private sector.
To help strengthen and expand ICT to anywhere in the world. 2015 is the deadline for reaching the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agreed upon by world leaders in 2000.
Information and Communication Technology in the present age
With more than 3 billion people accessing the Internet, ICT is always and around present in modern society. Information and data are overgrowing because 8 out of 10 people have smartphones. This rapid growth, particularly in developing countries. It has made ICT a fundamental problem in our everyday lives, without which some of the more technical aspects of office work would become ineffective.
The latest valid data were released in 2014 and show that “the growth of Internet use is continuing steadily; 6.6% in 2014 (3.3% in advanced countries, 8.7% in the developing world). And the number of Internet users in developing countries doubled in 5 years (2009 to 2014). Where two-thirds of the world’s online users in “Developing countries live.”
At the same time, there are significant barriers in the way. “Of the 4.3 billion people who do not use the Internet, 90% live in developing countries. “In the 42 countries with the fewest Internet connections (LCCs) (where 2.5 billion people live). Information and communication technologies are mostly out of space. Particularly in their rural areas.” ICT has not yet penetrated to remote parts of some countries. Also, some developing countries lack any Internet. This possesses a lack of access to telephone lines, particularly coverage of mobile networks and other forms of electronic communications.
The latest “Information Society Criteria Report” cautiously acknowledges. The growth in mobile network coverage is apparent, as “some users have multiple subscriptions. And the perception that those at the bottom of the pyramid have low levels of Internet access” Improved, can be wicked; “It is estimated that 450 million people around the world live in places where they are restricted access to mobile network services.”
Conclusion
Information and communication technologies also play a function in rapid pluralism in the new social movements of this period. According to Bruce Bimber, “the Internet is accelerating the process of group formation of problems and actions.” And Described the term rapid pluralism to describe this new sensation. Information and communication technologies are tools for “activating the directors of social movements and empowering dictators.” And, in brief, promoting social change. Information and communication technologies can sustain local people in making political speeches. Direct interference with government guidelines; is also used to transform how the government ensures people’s complaints.
