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The Big data is a combination of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data collected by organizations. That can be mine for information and used in machine learning projects. And predictive modeling and other advanced analytics applications.

Systems that process and store big data have become a common component of data management architectures in organizations. Combined with tools that support big data analytics uses. Big data is often characterize by the three Vs

• the large volume of data in many environments;
• the wide variety of data types frequently stored in big data systems; and
• the velocity at which much of the data is generated, collected and processed.

These characteristics were first identified in 2001 by Doug Laney, then an analyst at consulting firm Meta Group Inc.; Gartner further popularized them after it acquired Meta Group in 2005. More recently, several other V’s have been add to different descriptions of big data, including veracity, value and variability.

Although big data doesn’t equate to any specific volume of data. Big data deployments often involve terabytes, petabytes and even exabytes of data created and collected over time.

Importance of big data

Companies use big data in their systems to improve operations, provide better customer service, create personalized marketing campaigns and take other actions that, ultimately, can increase revenue and profits. Businesses that use it effectively hold a potential competitive advantage over those that don’t because they’re able to make faster and more informed business decisions.

For example, big data provides valuable insights into customers that companies can use to refine their marketing, advertising and promotions in order to increase customer engagement and conversion rates. Both historical and real-time data can be analyzed to assess the evolving preferences of consumers or corporate buyers, enabling businesses to become more responsive to customer wants and needs.

Big data is also use by medical researchers to identify disease signs and risk factors and by doctors to help diagnose illnesses and medical conditions in patients. In addition, a combination of data from electronic health records, social media sites, the web and other sources gives healthcare organizations and government agencies up-to-date information on infectious disease threats or outbreaks.

Here are some more examples of how big data is use by organizations:

• In the energy industry, big data helps oil and gas companies identify potential drilling locations and monitor pipeline operations; likewise, utilities use it to track electrical grids.
• Financial services firms use big data systems for risk management and real-time analysis of market data.
• Manufacturers and transportation companies rely on big data to manage their supply chains and optimize delivery routes.
• Other government uses include emergency response, crime prevention and smart city initiatives.

Examples of big data

Big data comes from Numerous sources — some examples are transaction processing systems, customer databases, documents, emails, medical records, internet clickstream logs, mobile apps and social networks. It also includes machine-generated data. Such as network and server log files and data from sensors on manufacturing machines, industrial equipment and internet of things devices.

In addition to data from internal systems, big data environments often incorporate external data on consumers. Financial markets, weather and traffic conditions, geographic information, scientific research and more. Images, videos and audio files are forms of big data, too. And many big data applications involve streaming data that is process and collect on a continual basis.

How big data is store and process

Big data is often store in a data lake. While data warehouses are commonly built on relational databases and contain structured data only, data lakes can support various data types and typically are based on Hadoop clusters, cloud object storage services, NoSQL databases or other big data platforms.

Many big data environments combine multiple systems in a distributed architecture; for example, a central data lake might be integrated with other platforms, including relational databases or a data warehouse. The data in big data systems may be left in its raw form and then filtered and organized as needed for particular analytics uses. In other cases, it’s preprocess using data mining tools and data preparation software so it’s ready for applications that are run regularly.

Big data processing places heavy demands on the underlying compute infrastructure. The required computing power often is provided by clustered systems that distribute processing workloads. Across hundreds or thousands of commodity servers, using technologies like Hadoop and the Spark processing engine.

How big data analytics works

To get valid and relevant results from big data analytics applications. Data scientists and other data analysts must have a detailed understanding of the available data and a sense of what they’re looking for in it.  That makes data preparation, which includes profiling, cleansing, validation and transformation of data sets, a crucial first step in the analytics process.

Once the data has been gathered and prepared for analysis, various data science and advanced analytics disciplines can be applied to run different applications, using tools that provide big data analytics features and capabilities. Those disciplines include machine learning and its deep learning offshoot. Predictive modeling, data mining, statistical analysis, streaming analytics, text mining and more.

Using customer data as an example. The different branches of analytics that can be do with sets of big data include the following:

• Comparative analysis. This examines customer behavior metrics and real-time customer engagement. In order to compare a company’s products, services and branding with those of its competitors.
• Social media listening. This analyzes what people are saying on social media about a business or product.Which can help identify potential problems and target audiences for marketing campaigns.
• Marketing analytics. This provides information that can be used to improve marketing campaigns and promotional offers for products, services and business initiatives.
• Sentiment analysis. All of the data that’s gather on customers can be analyze to reveal how they feel about a company or brand. Customer satisfaction levels, potential issues and how customer service could be improve.

Big data management technologies

Hadoop, an open source distributed processing framework released in 2006, initially was at the center of most big data architectures. The development of Spark and other processing engines pushed MapReduce, the engine built into Hadoop, more to the side. The result is an ecosystem of big data technologies that can be use for different applications but often are deploy together.

Big data platforms and managed services offered by IT vendors combine many of those technologies in a single package, primarily for use in the cloud. Currently, that includes these offerings, listed alphabetically:

• Amazon EMR (formerly Elastic MapReduce)
• Cloudera Data Platform
• Google Cloud Dataproc
• HPE Ezmeral Data Fabric (formerly MapR Data Platform)
• Microsoft Azure HDInsight

For organizations that want to deploy big data systems themselves. Either on premises or in the cloud, the technologies that are available to them.

Big data challenges

In connection with the processing capacity issues, designing a big data architecture is a common challenge for users. Big data systems must be tailor to an organization’s particular needs. A DIY undertaking that requires IT and data management teams to piece together a customized set of technologies and tools. Deploying and managing big data systems also require new skills compared to the ones that database administrators and developers focused on relational software typically possess.

Both of those issues can be eased by using a managed cloud service, but IT managers need to keep a close eye on cloud usage to make sure costs don’t get out of hand. Also, migrating on-premises data sets and processing workloads to the cloud is often a complex process.

Other challenges in managing big data systems include making the data accessible to data scientists and analysts, especially in distributed environments that include a mix of different platforms and data stores. To help analysts find relevant data, data management and analytics teams are increasingly building data catalogs that incorporate metadata management and data lineage functions. The process of integrating sets of big data is often also complicate, particularly when data variety and velocity are factors.

Conclusion

Therefore In this article we discussed the big data. And all issues about that and we hope you earn information about it.