blog posts

The use of computer networks has become increasingly prosperous because most businesses are online, and now every organization, company, and business needs an all-around IP Classes technician to exchange all their information through him. Do on the network. Therefore, getting familiar with the main concepts of the network is important in this direction. For the convenience of your loved ones, we decided to talk about the IP classes of the network (classification of IPs) in this article.

To achieve excellent grades in a complex subject like setting up computer networks, it is more important for you to participate in various courses and gain useful experience in this field than anything else. The network and setting it up completely safely requires learning it from the lower levels, and it is impossible to go through a hundred-year-old network.

What is the network, and what is its importance in our life?

A computer network is an integrated connection of two or more computers, printers, faxes, scanners, modems, servers, and even telephones and different types of hardware, which is created by cabling or in the form of radio (wireless) communications. Computer networks connect IT equipment, connect to the Internet, hold remote conferences, and most importantly, transfer data and information safely and quickly from anywhere in the world.

At first glance, you may think that connecting multiple systems doesn’t require much knowledge. Still, when you step into this field, you will realize that there are fine and big points in setting up even the smallest network, and neglecting each of the They can lead to the destruction of our important information. That is why we emphasize that to become an expert network technician, and you should start by learning the basic terms and gradually reach the complex topics of the network.

Basic network terms

Due to the connection between computers and the creation of networks in different places, users achieve indescribable capabilities, of which sending email, sharing files, etc., are only a part. Meanwhile, there are three common terms in the network, which we will discuss in detail below:

• Closed
• port
• Bandwidth

What is meant by a packet in a computer network?

Data or information in network systems are transferred in small formats called packets, and each packet contains information about the destination and the type of internal data. For example, a message sent to you via email is first split into smaller packets, and the data is carried in these different packets. In the end, the computers arrive at the original message by putting the packets together.

What is meant by a port in a computer network?

The port is the main pillar of any computer network and starts from the socket placed on the back of the device and provides the cable connection. For example, you can connect ten different devices to a 10-port switch. However, some devices have more than two internal ports, and with their help, you can connect more systems.

What is meant by bandwidth in a computer network?

Bandwidth in the network is the amount of information that is transferred every second through the network cables to the devices connected to it. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits per second (bps); obviously, the higher the value, the faster the data transfer.

A typical modem has a speed close to 50 lbs, which means it can transfer data at 50,000 bits per second. While an Ethernet local network uses a speed close to 10 Mbps, it transfers data at a speed of about 10 billion bits per second.

What are the components of the network?

Before we discuss the IP classes in the network, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the components of the network. As we said, to learn the basics of the network, it is better to start with the basic concepts.

1. Server and client

With the increase in the number of computers and the expansion of networks, one of the systems must play the role of a server. The server is the main storage center for shared files and programs available to all clients. On the other hand, the server allows communication with peripheral equipment such as printers and other hardware.

You can save a lot of money by designating one of the computers as a network server. The network receiver means those systems connected to the server and ask for permission to execute commands. But in a peer-to-peer network, there is no need for a dedicated server, and all computers will be connected at the same level.

2. Cables and wiring

To establish communication between computers in a network, it is obvious that they must be connected through special wiring. There are three basic types of network wiring, each of which will be explained below.

3. Pair of twisted cables

Twisted pair is a form of wiring in which the conductor wires are twisted in pairs to neutralize magnetic disturbances from external sources. With the increase in the use of electronic devices, their destructive effects in the form of radio disturbances are found abundantly within the communication lines of the network, and the telecommunications companies decided to cross the wires of the masts.

Twisted pairs of cables are available in the market in two forms, coated and uncoated. Each has different advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed in detail in the network training course. But since these types of cables are very flexible and thin, they do not occupy building ducts quickly, and on the other hand, they are much less expensive. But this flexibility has not caused them to show a weak performance in neutralizing harmful waves. The way they are twisted is very important in repelling electromagnetic waves, so their manufacturing process is very sensitive.

4. Coaxial cable

Coaxial cables are placed in the cables category with an internal conductive core surrounded by a non-conductive cover. The purpose of this outer layer is to prevent the penetration of noise in the cable environment.

5. Hub device

Hub is the device used to connect a group of users to a local network. The hub is responsible for transferring all data packets received from one port to other network ports. The thing to note about using a hub is that the users connected to it are known as a piece, in the sense that they share the bandwidth of the hub. As the number of systems connected to the hub increases and the bandwidth share of each user decreases, the competition to obtain the required amount of dedicated bandwidth will increase.

6. Network switch

Compared to hubs, switches work smarter by assigning specific bandwidth to each user or group of users. Based on the information in the header of each packet, the switch sends the data packet only to the receiver port in the header and is connected to the LAN network. After the transmission is finished, it disconnects the destination and the source.

7. Router or router

If the switch was smarter than the hub, it should be said that the router is smarter than the switch. Network routers guarantee the sending of data packets through the best route to the destination with the help of the network route map under the title of the routing table. If the route of two routers is interrupted, the sending router considers another way to continue moving. On the other hand, with the help of their protocols, routers can communicate between networks in different languages. Internet Protocol (IP), Internet Packet Exchange (IPX), and Apple Talk are among these protocols.

Now that you are familiar with the components, types, and functions of the network, it is time to introduce the relatively complex topic of network IP classes, for which there are many written courses, and the best of them is the extracurricular training course.

Network IP

Before we discuss the topic of network IP classes, you must familiarize yourself with the general concept of IP (Internet Protocol). The IP address is a logical address that cannot be changed and determines which network the system will be located in. It can be said that every device placed in the network has a specific IP address.

The IP address is divided into two parts: prefix and suffix; Its prefix part identifies the physical network to which the computer is connected and is more commonly known as the network address. But the extension part identifies one’s computer on the network and is more commonly referred to as the host address. Be sure to read the rest of the article to get acquainted with the function of the IP address.

How the network IP address works

As we said, IP works just like a postal address for homes so that your home postal address is unique to you and doesn’t exist like that. In the communication world, IP addresses all systems, and each is distinguished from the other by its IP. But since the number of systems in the global network, such as the Internet, has increased too much, creating a dedicated IP for each device is impossible. Therefore, experts defined a new generation of IPv6 to solve this problem.

The IPs of the IPv4 generation, which are used both on the Internet and in many networks, are very limited, allowing only 232 addresses to be created. The limited number of addresses of this type of version caused that there is no unique IP for all devices connected to the Internet. In 1998, the engineering company IEFT was able to develop IPv6, and this update significantly increased the available address space so that as many as 2128 dedicated addresses could be created.

Network IPv4 addresses

The addresses generated in IPv4 are the same 32-bit binary numbers that consist of two identifiers and separate the network and the host, respectively, with an imaginary boundary. For example, the address 168.212.226.204 shows the 32-bit binary numbers 10101000, 11010100, 11100010, and 11001100. It is necessary to remember that through the binary number, it is possible to determine which type of network the IP address belongs to.

Types of network IP classes

In version 4 of IPs, different network IP classes are classified into five categories, each having its function. In the following, we will briefly explain each IP network class A, B, C, D, and E.

Class A

If the left part of the IP (the first part) is given the numbers 1 to 126, that IP is in the A-type network IP classes category. The number of 16,777,214 IPs can be defined in this class type, and type A is used when we need a very high number of IPs. The A-type network IP class range is from 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254.

Class B

If numbers 128 to 191 are given to the left part of the IP (the first part), the IP address is in class B. You can create up to 65,534 unique addresses in this class. Also, the class B range is wide, from 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254.

Class C

If numbers 192 to 223 are given to the left part of the IP (the first part), the IP address is in class C. In this class, only 254 systems can be addressed with a dedicated IP. Class C ranges from 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254.

Class D

If numbers 224 to 239 are given to the left part of the IP (it is the first part), it means that the system’s IP address is in class D. Class D, which is the so-called Multicast, has special applications. For example, this class sends data packets to all clients simultaneously. This work is important because some specific data must be available to clients simultaneously. The class D range is also wide, from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

Class E

The last series of network IP classes are class E, which can be identified by the numbers 240 to 255 in the left part of the IP. This class is reserved for laboratory and research work in the future, and home systems cannot use class E. Also, the range of this class extends from 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254

IP network and subnet mask classes

Systems use a concept called Subnet Mask to distinguish whether or not to belong to a network. To create the Subnet Mask, the system considers all network bits to be one and all host bits to be 0. Remember that every network IP – of any class – has a standard Subnet Mask.

For example, IP 10.10.10.1 has Subnet Mask with ID 255.0.0.0, IP address 172.168.88.98 from class B has a subnet mask 255.255.0.0, and IP address 192.168.100.3 from class C has subnet mask. The netmask is 255.255.255.0.

The vast world of computer networks

As we mentioned many times in this article, the use of complex computer networks is increasing daily, and life without them is not possible for at least half of the world’s population. Setting up the smallest and simplest computer network, which consists of two computers, requires compliance with small and large points that, if ignored, it is unknown what will happen to the data. Therefore, we seriously suggest that if you are planning to enter the vast world of computer networks, you must participate in special network training courses.

The extracurricular courses have provided the best comprehensive training related to the network and related topics for interested Foreigners. This article, which was about the types of network IP classes, only teaches you a small part of network photophones.