Add nouns in English and plural nouns

Most singular nouns become English plurals simply by putting an -s at the end of them . There are several rules for adding names in English. These rules depend on the letter to which the noun ends.

In addition, some names do not follow rules and regulations that there is no way to learn other than memorizing or searching the dictionary.

Congregations are simply one of the most complex topics in English due to the presence of irregular nouns. Due to the importance of the plural noun in English, this note examines this noun and the rules for its creation. In addition, the most common names of irregular plurals are given at the end of the note.

Plural nouns in English

The plural noun in English indicates that there is more than one noun. In fact, since a singular noun refers to only one unit of that noun, we need a mode to talk about more numbers. For example, if we are going to point to more than one snake in a sentence, we must use its plural form, Snakes.

Most names that can be counted in English are plural and singular. A countable noun is opposite to an uncountable noun that does not have a plural form.

dog–> dogs, man–> men

Understanding that speech components such as verbs and nouns in English must match must be taken into account when learning or teaching the language. In most cases, if the subject is singular, the verb of the sentence must also be singular, and if the subject is plural, its verb must also be plural.

The dog chases the cat.

The dogs chase the cat.

In some cases, the noun may end in the letter s, but it has a single meaning. In this case we are not able to use the plural verb for these names. Examples include news, mumps, physics, and measles. Note the following sentences: how the names mumps and news are used together with the singular verb is:

Mumps is a contagious disease.

The news is at 11 pm

You can use one or more plural nouns in a sentence. In this case, you just have to pay attention to the fact that you follow the rules and regulations of matching nouns, verbs and adjectives.

How to create plural nouns in English

How to add nouns in English is one of the basic questions of language learners. Since we frequently use the plural noun in English, it is important to know all the rules and regulations related to how it is created. The spelling of the plural form of a noun usually depends on the last letter of the singular form.

In general, to convert a singular noun to a plural noun, we add the letter -s to the end of the word:

cat -> cats

house -> houses

If the singular noun ends in the letters x, ch, sh, ss, s or z, to create the plural noun we add -es to the end of them:

truss -> trusses

bus -> buses

marsh -> marshes

lunch -> lunches

tax -> taxes

blitz -> blitzes

In some cases where the singular noun ends in s or z, the last letter must be repeated before adding -es:

fez -> fezzes

gas -> gasses

If the singular noun ends in y and the letter before y is consonant, we must change the ending to -ies to reach the plural noun in English :

city ​​-> cities

puppy -> puppies

If the letter before y is not consonant, just add the letter -s to the end to create the plural noun:

ray -> rays

boy -> boys

If the last letter of the singular noun was o, in most cases you can use -es to convert it to the plural noun. However, in some cases it is enough to just add -s to the end. In some cases, such as volcano, both singular nouns can be converted to plural nouns in both ways.

potato -> potatoes

tomato -> tomatoes

photo -> photos

piano -> pianos

volcano -> volcanoes / volcanos

Names of irregular plurals

It would be very easy to learn if all aspects of English followed a certain rule. In fact, despite the standard rules, everything will be simple and great for the learner. However, English is not as simple as life.

Irregular communities actually refer to a collective name that is not created with the help of the proposed rules. For example, we can refer to louse meaning lice, which is the plural name of lice.

Their irregularity means that there is no single rule for creating them. However, some irregular nouns behave similarly due to how they change from singular to plural, which can make them easier to memorize. To better understand this issue, pay attention to the singular and plural of the following list:

wolf -> wolves, dwarf -> dwarves, shelf -> shelves, knife -> knives, life -> lives

man -> men, woman -> women, goose -> geese, foot -> feet, tooth -> teeth

basis -> bases, analysis -> analyses, crisis -> crises, oasis -> oases

formula -> formula, vertebra -> vertebrae

child -> children, ox -> oxen

mouse -> mice, louse -> lice, die -> dice

In some cases, the plural noun in English does not change the singular form in terms of spelling and pronunciation. In fact, the two modes are similar in every way.

sheep, deer, fish, moose, duck, salmon, trout, series, species

You need to see these names in the text to be able to distinguish between singular and plural. To better understand this issue, pay attention to the following sentence:

Mark caught one fish , but I caught three fish .

It should be noted that unlike the Persian language, if you use a number before the noun, the plural form of that noun must be used.