If You Are New To The World Of IT And Web Programming, You Will Come Across A Variety Of Terms, Some Of Which May Seem Unfamiliar.

Web developers are generally divided into two groups: backend and front. Backend development focuses on server-side logic, integration, and coding, such as writing APIs, building libraries, and working with system components that are supposed to provide a service to users.

Backend developers write the code that allows the database and the application to communicate with each other.

In addition, they are responsible for supporting websites, databases, web servers, and various application modules.

In this article, we will introduce the most commonly used backend programming languages ​​that, if you spend some time and learn their syntax, you will get paid well for what you do.

What is backend programming?

Back-end programming refers to creating various modules of a website or web-based application. For example, when you intend to buy from a store and search for a product, you select the required items added to the shopping cart. Finally, you click the payment button connected to the bank portal and transfer the desired amount to Deposit the store account.

In all these cases, a backend programmer writes and tests all these codes so that you have a problem-free user experience. Based on this definition, we must say that backend programming is the driving engine of websites and is responsible for controlling the application’s logic.

The critical thing to note about backend and server-side programming is that browsers do not understand the codes written on the server side, and users do not have access to them either. The principles in the back section are registered and sent to the user’s browser through the server. It is why some sources call backend programming server-side programming.

Browsers do not have a duty to receive or process backend codes but receive and process codes that are processed on the server side and converted to client-side codes. At the opposite point, there is client-side programming. In short, user-side programming is needed whenever a website or web-based application is to interact with the user. And in this case, the scripts and codes are processed by the user’s browse,r, and nothing is done on the web servers.

In general, we must say backend programming is like the part of the iceberg hidden under the ocean, and the front end is the tip of the iceberg that everyone can see. The server-side and user-side parts are different, but they are directly related to each other, and any problem in any of the features will cause the website to malfunction.

What is the difference between backend and frontend coding?

As we mentioned, backend programming is the coding of parts that the user cannot see. Still, frontend programming is how the user interacts with the website, Sections, and elements through which it communicates with the site. In other words, the back end and the front end should be described as two opposite poles but complementary to each other in the discussion of web programming.

Now we come to the question of who is the backend programmer. Backend developers play a crucial role in web design and programming teams. A backend developer is a person who defines and codes the infrastructure of a website. The sections and modules that the backend developer codes run in the website’s background.

Among the essential duties of a backend programmer, the following should be mentioned:

•  Managing databases, creating and integrating them.
•  Using backend frameworks to build server-side software.
•  Sufficient mastery of web server technologies.
•  Integrating web-based applications with cloud computing infrastructure (using cloud-based models such as PaaS, SaaS, or IaaS).
•  Familiarity with the architecture of operating systems.
•  Familiarity with content management systems to maintain them.
•  Preventing cyber attacks on the website, taking appropriate measures, and properly configuring the website.
•  The ability to analyze data to optimize website performance.
•  Ability to integrate application programming interfaces.

Backend programming languages

Now that you are somewhat familiar with the job description of a backend programmer, it is time to introduce the popular programming languages in this field. Various programming languages are ​​available to developers for backend coding, including Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, C#, SQL, etc.

 JavaScript programming language

Developers use JavaScript on both the backend and front ends. JavaScript is one of the most reliable backend programming languages. JavaScript has many advantages, including rich interfaces, high accessibility, support by a wide range of browsers and operating systems, rich learning resources, etc. In addition, it is one of the most popular programming languages today.

Surveys show that nearly 69% of professional developers use JavaScript in their projects. Also, a study by the Stack Overflow site developers shows that this language still maintains its superiority over its competitors. Interesting featuresJavaScript should mention dynamic data types, custom data types, and variable reusability. You can store any data in a variable.

JavaScript is a lightweight programming language, meaning that most data processing is done on the browser side. For example, if you have stored the string ABC in the variable x, you can store any integer or array in the same variable. The above mechanism significantly saves memory, makes coding more readable, and reduces the number of lines of code.

Typically, programmers use this language to run client-side code as well. Async processing is one of the most valuable features of the JavaScript language. Using JavaScript, executing a block of scripts will not stop until the processing of another block is complete. If a request is being processed, other modules will work in parallel with the previous request instead of waiting for the last request to respond. Parallel execution of scripts saves time.

Java programming language

Java is one of the oldest programming languages ​​in the world of technology, which is used to build various types of applications. One of the reasons for the popularity of this language is the presence of the Java virtual machine, which facilitates the process of compiling and executing codes.

The advantages of the Java programming language include good support for object-oriented programming, preparation of application programming interfaces for interacting with databases, networking, the ability to parse XML, efficient open-source libraries for web development, and superficial learning.

Object orientation helps programmers to write structured and orderly code—highly readable codes. Java It is often used to build enterprise-scale applications. Undoubtedly, object orientation is one of the strengths of this language, precisely focused on object orientation patterns; This means that you must use classes when using Java.

Java allows programmers to write code that runs concurrently with each other and does different things. The above approach is beneficial when you plan to run several various tasks simultaneously.

Finally, note that Java is considered a very secure programming language. This language can use public encryption keys for authentication so specific programs can be written.

PHP programming language

PHP is one of the main languages ​​in backend and server-side programming. Language that almost 80% of websites are directly or indirectly. This language is generally used to program software, set cookies, and collect data. PHP code is best integrated with HTML. PHP works best for designing e-commerce sites and managing databases and dynamic content.

Most backend developers prefer to choose PHP as their server-side language. One of the practical features of this language should be its simple syntax compared to other programming languages cited. You can learn this language faster than others, ​​like Java and similar examples. PHP is a platform-independent language. In the sense that it can be used on all operating systems and platforms.

In the PHP programming language, you do not need to define the data type of a variable before assigning it a value. The variable type will be determined based on the data stored in it. PHP is an interpreted language and does not need to compile the codes before execution. The principles of this language are interpreted line by line, which saves compilation time.

PHP is a flexible language and can be used efficiently with HTML, XML, and JavaScript. Various web frameworks have been developed for this language so developers can quickly write web-based applications. Developers can implement their structured code based on the MVC pattern. Laravel, CakePHP, CodeIgnitor, etc., are prominent frameworks of this language.

Python programming language

Python programming language is one of the severe competitors of Java and PHP programming languages in the field of backend web. Its ease of learning and use has led backend developers to use it along with the Django framework to build websites and web-based applications.

Among the advantages of the Python programming language, it should be noted that it is multi-platform, supports the object-oriented programming paradigm, can build prototypes, can create scalable programs, and has a wide range of web-specific libraries and frameworks. Accessiblelegatoolearn Python is a high-level interpreted programming language that supports different programming paradigms, such as object-oriented, structured, and functional. Python is an advanced programming language that can be used for data analysis, machine learning, web applications, and more.

A wide range of libraries supports Python. Furthermore, it is a platform-independent and portable language; This means you can run Python code in the same way on Windows, Linux, Unix, etc. As a result, you won’t have any problem coding small or large web projects.

C# programming language

C# is another widely used language in the backend field. A language that Microsoft ecosystem programming enthusiasts should learn. Among the key features of this programming language, it should be noted that it has a simple syntax, object orientation, the ability to support the MVC model, the ability to separate the program logic, and its universality. C # uses ASP.Net technology to build and design websites.

Ruby programming language

Ruby is another powerful backend programming language that has several key features. It is open-source, object-oriented, and straightforward. Using this flexible language, you can create applications in a short time and take advantage of the advantages of the object-oriented programming paradigm in the best way.

The availability of numerous libraries and support by a large community of developers has made Ruby one of the most potent server-side languages. Mixins are a unique feature of this language where modules and classes are mixed. Programs can use modules in classes, which means that the module’s plans will be added to the class. In ruby, modules contain non-instance methods.

The above approach is similar to inheritance but more straightforward and flexible. Ruby uses specific naming conventions for variables, classes, etc. For example, constants in Ruby must begin with an uppercase letter, a global variable must start with a dollar sign ($), an instance variable must start with @, and a class variable must start with two @@ characters. These naming rules help programmers code more efficiently and increase the readability of their code.

JRuby supports dynamic data types. A variable can contain any data that saves memory and reduces lines. As a result, there is no need to use data types when defining variables explicitly.

Kotlin programming language

Kotlin is a popular programming language for Android application development. The use of  Kotlin is a language that is highly compatible with Java. It shows that you can use this programming language in previous projects written in Java. The ability to work with Java is Kotlin ‘s trumping in building Android applications.

This issue has made it possible for programmers to add the necessary functions to classes in the simplest way. Kotlin allows developers to add extended modules to courses without changing the source code. If you learn Kotlin and get an unfinished Java project, you have the chance to use Kotlin along with Java to extend your application’s capabilities.

Perl programming language

Another backend programming language is Perl. Perl is a fast and reliable hybrid programming language capable of building various applications. Programmers can use Perl to create programs in multiple fields, such as the web, artificial intelligence, etc.

Hack programming language

Hacking can be considered a kind of complement to the PHP programming language, which Facebook first introduced. The general structure of this language is very similar to PHP. Although this programming language was invented for the internal use of Facebook development teams, today, programmers can use it to design high-performance applications.

SQL programming language

One of the most critical skills a backend developer should have is the ability to work with databases. SQL is one of the most prominent languages ​​for working with databases. This language was created to build databases and access information. Therefore, learning SQL syntax for people who intend to write backend code is better.